image credit: torange.biz_ Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 Around the world about 37 million people living with HIV. Since the beginning of AIDS, more than 70 million people have been infected with HIV. Between them by affected with HIV about 35 million people died. In 2013, 940,000 people worldwide died due to HIV related complications. Although preventive measures or treatment of HIV is available now, there is no very effective vaccine for this. Many initiatives have been taken in this regard today and are running a large scale test. The initiatives of vaccine production are largely driven by AIDS-resistant or HIV-targeted HIV cells.
image credit: Wikimedia Commons_ Author: James Gathany_ CC0 Public Domain
There is no recognized vaccine for HIV or AIDS. But scientists are now believed to be much closer to creating an effective vaccine than AIDS. Since 1996, the rate of HIV infection has decreased 47%, but in the last year, 1.8 million new people have been newly infected last year. Every year about one million people die due to this disease.
AIDS is now known as the fourth largest killer disease in low-income countries. There are no places in the world where can the HIV controller is available. Although many people have found or are getting effective utilities with HIV. But there is enough evidence that any time this virus can return terribly. According to various reports, increasing HIV prevalence towards existing AIDS, the population explosion in the Sahara region and inadequate public health resources are all directing towards a second AIDS epidemic.
What Is Vaccine? How Do Vaccines Work?
What Is Vaccine? How Do Vaccines Work?
The task of a vaccine is to give the right weapon to our body's immune system to defeat any germs. A vaccine is basically a learning curve for the body. It teaches the body how to combat them without facing the disease-bacteria. The vaccine of a disease is created by the germ of the disease. However, the germ is either dead or weak, that is, unable to cause disease. As soon as these germs enter the body, they became active in the body of the watchman 'white blood cell'. The white blood cell contains macrophages, B lymphocytes or B-cells, and T lymphocytes or T-cells.
White blood cell image credit: flickr_ Author: National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences_ CC0 Public Domain The work of macrophages is to swallow germs and swallow it. After that, antigens of the germs remain in the blood. The preventive measures against these antigens make the antibodies B-lymphocytes, which attack the antigens. T-lymphocytes or T-cells serve as a blood donor membrane. When they face the same microbes later, they use the membrane to make the necessary antibodies to destroy them.
Problems in the formation of vaccines for HIV
Problems in the formation of vaccines for HIV
Sadly it can say that HIV or Human Immunodeficiency Virus is highly adaptable and very clever. It attacks the T-cells directly. They reproduce using T-cell proteins. As a result, T-cells continue to be destroyed. The most important part of the body's immune system is broken down in this way. Moreover, this virus can change its volumes by changing its segments according to the need. As a result, it is difficult to identify or find it.
The mechanism of this virus is structurally associated with the cause of the virus and its initiatives have not been successful enough. One of the most important initiatives in these initiatives is 'RV144 HIV Trial'. This vaccine has been tested in Thailand in 2009. This vaccine was safe and tolerant, but its functionality was of moderate quality. This reduces the HIV transmission rate by 31.2%. Although this test was not successful, after testing it was found that the synthesis of the immune system and resistance to power was available. This test has been forwarded to more fruitful initiatives. International AIDS Vaccine Initiatives (IAVI) Executive Director of Human Disease Prevention Dr Jill Gilmour said, "With our new scientific discovery, our plans are far more diverse and robust." The potential and opportunities for an effective vaccine and disease-preventive intervention to stop HIV infection and AIDS have increased greatly.
Types of HIV Vaccine
Types of HIV Vaccine
HIV vaccine is basically two types. One is the preventive or preventive vaccine, ie HIV negative people. Traditionally, the dead HIV virus is inserted into the body and the body is prepared by antibody production beforehand. The second is the therapeutic vaccine, which will control infection in the infected body and it will prolong the spread of the disease. These vaccines find the body's infected cells and prevent them from making copies or transcriptions.
Vaccine Testing Process
Vaccine Testing Process
HIV vaccine is primarily tested in laboratories and on various organisms. Many years of experimental examination before the final application of human beings, vaccines are needed. The safety and efficacy of an HIV vaccine are examined in three steps. The first step is 12 to 18 months. The second step is two years. And the third step is 3 to 4 years. The number of HIV negative people is also increased for testing at each step over time.
Vaccine Testing Process, image credit: Wikimedia Commons_ Author: John Keithy_ CC0 Public Domain Examining the effectiveness of many such vaccines on HIV. At the beginning of this year, a vaccine was announced to run Phase-One on the human body. This test will be completed this year. This specific vaccine targets fusion peptides in the body of the virus. Papataide is a small chunk of amino acids. Using these peptides, HIV enters human cells. Besides, there is currently a vaccine in phase-2 testing, which will continue till 2022. Regulation of RV144 vaccine is going on since 2016 and it will continue until mid-2021.
Structure of HIV virus, image credit: flickr_ Author: NIAID_ CC0 Public Domain
Due to the lack of public awareness, lack of publicity in the government initiative, religious narrow-mindedness, etc., there is a lot of publicity in ignorance and ignorance about HIV and AIDS. Minority communities have high rates of AIDS infections. The reason for this is due to social obstacles, poverty, lack of education, the deterioration of medical services, etc. With the advancement of science, we will soon be able to make a vaccine effective for HIV. But it would be the main thing to make him available at all levels. Just like the devils do not escape from the city's pyre, the same effect will not come in the vaccine itself, nor will it be transmitted to people of all walks of life.
References for further reading about this Article
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